Archaeologists have discovered in northern Egypt that reed pens were used to write on parchment during the First Dynasty ( 3000 BC). After the fall of the Roman Empire, it was difficult for Europeans to see reeds anymore. So, since the Middle Ages ( seventh century), quill pens have gradually become a substitute for it. At that time, in order to overcome the problem of rapid wear and tear of quill pen nibs, people created them again. bronze and other metal nib pen these earliest secular in AD 79 Pompeii in ancient city ruins.

For a long time, the pioneers of making writing utensils have tried to use the fountain pen ( Fountain Pen ) to continuously supply writing ink. In 953 , someone once created a pen for Kanrif Moos of the Fatima Dynasty in Egypt that uses gravity and writing to make ink flow out of the ink tank. Perhaps this is the first " successful water storage pen " mentioned in history. It is said that this " perfect pen " was used in a book called "Meetings and Discussions" (this book) from 969 to 975 AD. this manuscript copy kept in the library of the University of London School of Oriental and African studies in) the authors describe is to Egyptian scholar Hassan - Al ban Sa - Man Mengde ( Hassan Mahmoud El-Basha ) believes that sum for later The manufacture of his pen is of great reference value. In 1951 , he translated the relevant content in the manuscript and published it.

German scholar Daniel · Adams Wendt ( Daniel Schwenter ) in 1636 published in the journal in Nuremberg in the "precise mathematical physics" ( Deliciae Physico-Mathematicae ), paper describes the role of water has a simple quill pen. The book was republished in Zurich in 1651. The book states: " This pen is composed of inner and outer double-layer quills. The inner quill has a small hole at the round end. After being filled with ink, the opening at the other end is closed. This quill is inserted into a large quill with a pen tip. The small hole of the inner quill and the nib cut by the outer quill are in a straight line. The ink supply is completed by squeezing the quill. " This pen. Although it didn't spread, this idea of pen-in-pen was adopted by later pen-makers, and it was used until the early part of the last century.

For reference material British pen from 17 century British writer, politician, Secretary of the Navy Samuel · Pepys ( Samuel Pepys ) to1663 Nian 8 Yue 5 RiIn the diary, he wrote: " I received the test tonightVentryThe business letter from my husband contained a silver pen, and he assured me that the pen can hold ink, which is very important. " Pepys also praised the convenience of carrying a fountain pen with ink when traveling.

Nicolas · Byrne ( Nicolas of Bion ) is to provide an everyday tool for the French King Louis XIV major suppliers, he had in 1715 published the "principle of mathematical tools and production" in a book, in the book, Byrne on The " sticker pen " is described and accompanied by illustrations. Byrne pen ( of Bion Pen ) works, he let the whole hollow pen body played a role in the reservoir, the end of the pen was stoppered and do quill pen by rotating thin tube placed in the other end of the pen Then put on the cap, the size of the cap matches the tip of the pen. There is a thin plug socket to prevent ink from leaking from the tube. Later, the feather nibs of some ink pens were replaced by metal nibs. Take off the cap of the pen every time you use it and shake the pen once, and the ink will flow out of the water storage device and flow into the nib through the pen tube. Byrne pens are mostly made of brass. After this pen has been used for nearly a century, writing instruments ushered in its glorious period. At that time, major fountain pen manufacturers in London or Paris also had custom-made gold pens and pens. For silver pens, pen dealers often use popular materials, such as mother-of-pearl, to decorate the penholder. At the same time, pen designs that are very similar to the Byrne pen are constantly emerging.

In fact, there has been no conclusive conclusion about the " real inventor of the pen " . In 1780 , the British Birmingham ring technician Harrison ( Harrison ) also made use of manual techniques produced the prototype of today's tip of a pen, the pen after the placement of the pen, people feel that writing became fluent. After that, the nib formed by pressing and slitting a metal sheet is installed on most pen barrels. There are different holes and wrinkles on the nib to temporarily store ink. Because the price of the nib is expensive, the metal nib is also patented. Thus was born. In 1809 , water storage pens similar to today's fountain pens were born in the UK. That year, the UK issued the first batch of patent certificates for water storage pens. Before that, most water storage pens could not automatically flow ink, and people who write need to press it. The piston controls the ink. Until 19 century 50 's, some American business before the iridium pen magic pen made of hard rubber and ink free-flowing together, made today the pen. 1822 , the British John Birmingham · Mitchell ( John Mitchell ) mass production with a metal pen nib. These ink-dipping fountain pens have more ornate handles and gold nibs. The gold nibs are not only a decoration. According to the records of pen dealers at that time, only chemically stable gold can withstand the erosion of the rough ink formula at that time; to prevent gold The nib wears out too quickly, and the factory welded a small hard and corrosion-resistant iridium bead on the nib. This is what people call the " iridium pen " .

Traveling ink bottles allowed Victorian fountain pens to be carried out. In fact, it was inconvenient. In 1867 , the ink sac and the ink delivery system were acquired by two Americans. Therefore, those mass-produced fountain pens also had more " " Insurance " ink sac. A few years later, " ink supply Waterman invention " , seems to solve the " last question pen " , he " invention " pen tip can be moved with a control ink supply tube, a small amount of air in the balloon into the ink pen , So that the ink can flow evenly to the nib as needed. As for some excess ink, Waterman uses the cavity under the nib to contain it to avoid ink stains.

This is called later , " the father of the fountain pen ," Lewis - Edson - Waterman ( Lewis Edison Waterman ), in fact just a New York insurance broker, rather than the people at the mouth of the contemporary pen " inventor " , which a " confused the fact that " the story is really from Waterman himself. He became famous only because he was the first American to obtain a patent for the supply of channel-shaped ink, rather than the inventor of the technology. It is said that because Waterman once put the ink of a fountain pen on the contract, he lost an important business.1884 Nian 2 Yue 12 RiWaterman obtained the first patent for a fountain pen with the technology he obtained. His fountain pen allows ink to pass through the supply tank and flow from the reservoir to the nib under capillary action. At the same time, equal volume of air It will enter the water storage pipe through a small hole at the bottom of the pipe. A few years later, was seen as the most successful consumer " ink mode " is still from the Parker Pen " button ink " and Sheaffer ( Sheaffer ) of " leverage ink " . The fountain pen of the 19th century was called the " eye dropper " because it used a long ink dropper to drip the ink used in a day. In any case, the pen would still leak. In 1907 , Waterman invented a safety pen that can rotate like a lipstick tube. This safe way of storing pens is still used by brands such as Montblanc to this day.

George · Parker ( George Parke ) was born in 1863 years, from 1880 onwards, they work at George Valentin schools. In order to supplement wages, George - Parker to be a " pen middleman " , he helped John - Holland ( John Holland ) pen sales pen to local students. Like many pens at the time, these pens always leaked ink or malfunctioned. George always patiently took apart each pen to repair them. After creating a " satisfactory " pen, George established his own pen company , Parker Pen. That year, he won the first fountain pen related patent, 1894 Nian Parker " Lucky arc " ( Lucky Curve ) patent rights to be recognized, the design principle of this device is not in use when the pen upright plane placed through The pressure of the suction tube transports the ink back to the storage part of the pen tube.

" War " before and after the industrial technology brings the first real prosperity for the pen industry. At this time, all parts of the pen are machined and manufactured with hard rubber rods and pipes. In the early 20th century, men often used pens to be different from their chest pockets. Women's pens were mostly covered with a metal ring, just to hang the pen on the necklace. Parker's "Duofold" pen is the first to sweep away the dull " dark writing " , and uses an eye-catching orange-red color. However, the color of hard rubber is rare. In 1924 , Scifili launched art-deco style pens, which became all the rage. Many people have " a war " after 15 years seen as a " fountain pen era " , the last century 30 after the Great Depression era, the United States, leaving only the Parker Pen Co., Sheaffer, Will - Yongfeng ( Wahl-Eversharp ) And Waterman. At this time, Mont Blanc was also just beginning to make its mark in Europe.

Perhaps Parker was the company that paid the most attention to R&D technology at that time. In 1932 , Parker adopted a pen tube piston vacuum to refill ink, eliminated the ink bag, and doubled the ink storage capacity. The " Parker 51" that appeared in 1941 wrapped a tubular nib and a complicated residual ink collector in the outer shell of the faucet. In 1956 , Parker Company applied capillary ink in the "61 series " . Just unscrew the end of the pen tube and immerse it in the ink bottle for 10 seconds. The smooth fluorocarbon surface will not be stained with excess ink. .

" World War II " after the evolution of the fountain pen, was suddenly " stop " , because Hungary reporters Ladislao · Noir invented the ballpoint pen. Immediately, many people eliminated pens, and the fast-paced life made people almost forget that there was a writing tool that could be filled with ink. " Goethe ink described as ' liquid ideology ' . " Tony Mr. Lu Ci Montblanc president once said to me, " although people writing style digital products has been changed, but when you're holding a pen writing, work When writing, the touch of the finger when the tip of the pen is swept across the paper, and the continuous rustling when writing, make people feel at ease. "

Like a mechanical watch rebirth, revival pen also began in the 80 's, a group of writers to return to the fountain pen, writing seek pleasure and individuality. Even so, according to WIMA (Writing Instrument Manufacturers Association of America), ballpoint pens account for 40% of writing instruments today, while fountain pens account for only 3% . Jeffrey · Pike ( Jeffrey · S.Parker ) George · Parker's great-grandson, every day, he is not in his pocket 6 pens, and Each pen can be applied to different writing environment. He told me: " When people holding a pen, there is always a pause, then began writing, so that the writing instrument gives us a way of thinking and imagination James · Bond probably is not a good example, but we I saw his pen in the movie, which can be turned into a camera, radio, dagger, and pistol. "

Author: Strongink Pen Kits